It’s not surprising that the morale is low and people surrender without authorization. It’s strange that the officers act and they acquiesce in this situation. White soldiers surrender and they can turn a blind eye to the puppet troops and civilian workers. They simply want to actively encourage them.
In this case, the puppet troops and civilian workers surrendered to form a trend. Every day, in front of the position, groups of civilian workers left Da Nang with white flags and headed for the big position.
The French soldiers were collected and placed in prison camps, while the Vietnamese puppet troops and civilian workers were handed over to the Vietnamese army for management.
For these puppet troops and civilian workers, although the Vietnamese army does not like them very much, but the manpower is tight, ordinary Vietnamese puppet troops are directly incorporated into the civilian workers’ team to continue to work as coolies, but there are a group of special people who make it difficult for the Vietnamese army to deal with them.
This is a group of puppet troops wearing blue or a blue belt.
This is the moment when the famous blue shirts of Vietnam are recruited from Catholics among Vietnamese. They not only help the French army to transport supplies and manage other coolies, but they can also fight side by side with weapons.
Many nationalities hate traitors more than enemies, because for them, traitors betray their common interests in exchange for self-interest. The more they pay attention to the culture of individualism, the more they can’t stand traitors, not to mention the oriental nation. Is it that France didn’t liquidate traitors on a large scale after World War II? Even those German soldiers shaved their heads and stripped their clothes in the liquidation column.
After China’s victory in the Anti-Japanese War, the liquidation of traitors was more thorough than that of the officers who surrendered to Japan. Chuan Dao Fang, if the traitors were not defined, they would probably be forgiven according to the policy at that time.
The Vietnamese are no exception. In their eyes, the Blue Shirts, who believe in foreign religions, are even more abhorrent, not only ordinary people, but also Catholics, literati and officials in court. It is precisely because they are not accepted by the mainstream society that these Blue Shirts soldiers are extremely determined in France. In the war, they treated Vietnamese compatriots viciously, robbed civilians, raped women and killed rebel soldiers. They did more than the French.
This practice of leaving no room is tantamount to leaving no room for yourself to guard them. Most Vietnamese soldiers are from the rebel army. Many of them watched their hometown being suppressed. The French army destroyed their parents, wives and children, and their sisters were raped and their houses were burned. These puppet troops not only led the way for the French, but also did it themselves. They hated these puppet troops more than the French.
Therefore, the guards assigned these blue soldiers the heaviest jobs, not only making them do heavy hard labor, but also cursing abuse and often deducting their poor rations.
Do heavy work when you don’t have enough to eat, and the blue soldiers are often beaten, and their hearts are also squeezing anger.
Finally, a blue soldier who was hungry for a day fell down while working, and the supervisor beat him without saying anything, and the blue soldier was killed.
Watching the blue soldiers quit, rioted and killed a dozen supervisors on the spot, then seized weapons and occupied the prison camp.
The Vietnamese army can’t fight the Chinese, but it’s not a problem to fight the prisoners. They quickly suppressed the riots by mobilizing their troops, but then they did something inappropriate and were full of prejudice against the soldiers who believed in God. The officers ordered the 3,000 rioters to be killed.
No one thought it was such a big deal. The Blue Shirts killed more Vietnamese, but their hands and feet were not clean. Some blue Shirts escaped from the prison camp and then returned to Saigon. They reported the massacre of the Blue Shirts by the Vietnamese to the colonial governor.
Suffering from France’s concession to Vietnam, the French diplomatic representative also got the news. He thought it was a trump card to play, so he immediately poked the news into European newspapers and the headline of the massacre of Catholics by the Vietnamese army instantly caused a sensation in Europe.
The French diplomatic department acted quickly to appeal to all Catholic countries to unite to protect the lives of believers, and even joined forces with other Christian churches, and all Protestant Orthodox churches expressed regret and condemnation.
Among the Catholic countries, Spain and Italy have made solemn protests, and even the Germans have expressed their dissatisfaction. Because of the influence of French culture after Germany’s reunification, the German States are all Catholic spheres of influence, and Germany’s unification of the south has also brought in a large number of Catholics.
As soon as the French diplomatic situation became bigger, they were under great pressure, and immediately transferred this pressure to the Vietnamese court, telling the Vietnamese that their actions were likely to lead to interference by European powers. If an agreement could not be reached with France, once European powers were involved in the war, not only could Vietnam be defeated, but it might be divided up by white countries like Africa.
At this time, the Vietnamese people were afraid. They expressed their willingness to accept the limited French garrison in Saigon, just like the Qing Hai Concession, but the number of French troops must be limited.
The general told France that the massacre of the Azzurri was caused by riots, and to prevent similar situations from happening again, the general would relocate the Azzurri prisoners and be willing to accept the supervision of the international community and invite ministers from all countries to witness it.
At the same time, it also agreed to France’s request to allow them to transport food to Da Nang by rail and sea under inspection.
A massacre leveled the attitudes of all parties and finally sat down at the negotiating table for formal negotiations.
Section seven hundred and sixteen Benefit sharing
Both sides have negotiated through their own hands
It mainly includes the withdrawal of French armed forces from Vietnam and the retention of French forces in Vietnam; Vietnam’s takeover of Nanqi; The occupation of French colonies such as Tahiti and Dizhili.
France expressed its willingness to withdraw most of its armed forces from Vietnam, but they demanded to have garrison troops in Saigon, including the number of troops stationed by the army and navy, depending on the situation, that is to say, the number of troops stationed is up to them, and their garrison operations are unrestricted; They also demanded that the jurisdiction of the French reclamation land in Nanqi be retained, and that the farms and factories cultivated and operated by the French should be directly managed by France, and the Vietnamese government should not interfere.
Vietnamese are unfamiliar with international diplomacy, and their understanding is whether the post-French or the French government manages Vietnamese officials. They have no problem with this, because civil servants don’t like dealing with foreigners at all, just like Manchu officials. They voluntarily gave up the management of foreigners, set up foreign settlements and asked foreigners where to live, and finally formed an uncontrolled concession.
All Vietnamese people are also not interested in managing foreigners, and they don’t care whether these French reclamation sites will become China, Vietnam. They can all accept the fact that Chinese in the northern part of Vietnam are all engaged in armed reclamation. It is unreasonable not to accept French farmers farming in Vietnam.
What they care about is the size of the French garrison, and they demand that the French army should not exceed 1000.
The big one demanded that France cede all the colonies occupied by the big one and compensate the big one for their losses in this battle, otherwise they demanded that France compensate 500 million francs.
We have just lost 500 million francs from Prussia, and if we lose 500 million francs to the big one, not to mention the humiliation caused by this amount, it will definitely destroy the French government. The French government does not want to let the third Republic fall so soon and re-establish a fourth republic or a third empire. France does not know how long it will have to fight.
France is not content to hand over all the occupied colonies, but if they are occupied, they will have no need to negotiate.
France resolutely refuses to limit the size of its troops stationed in Vietnam, not only the size of its army troops, but also the size of its naval fleet.
At the same time, it does mean that the French Republic has never considered paying reparations, and it will not be ceded to the big occupied colony.
If you can’t negotiate, then call.
At the same time, Da Nang once again cut off the supply and ordered the army to cross the Saigon River. The French soldiers had long been tired of fighting. They didn’t expect to cross the river suddenly, but they couldn’t take the initiative to attack. They watched the mainland army cross part of the Saigon River and enter the embankment of the Chinese community five kilometers away from Saigon. During this period, the Chinese police and good troops were prevented from being expelled
Through this crossing the river, the mainland army formed a flanking situation against the French army in Saigon, and once the war broke out again, it could attack Saigon on both sides.
At the same time, the naval fleet also appeared in Saigon River many times to deter the French army defending Saigon.
The French are angry. They know they are militarily inferior, but you never wake up.
However, they made concessions. They promised to reduce the garrison to 10,000 instead of the Vietnamese fleet of 1,000. They were willing to keep it at 10 but demanded to continue to control the Saigon fort.
On the other hand, he promised to hand over the Tahi and New Caledonia colonies to the port of Madagascar, which must be returned to Trinidad.
At this time, the British are also mediating that they will never accept French Indian colonies such as Zhili, but they can accept the demand of the French Pacific colonies that they should not build military bases and garrisons in New Caledonia and Tahiti.
The big one tells Britain that it can return its military power to the French Indian colony in the South Pacific, but it demands that France hand over Madagascar protection to Madagascar port, which can promise peace and peace, and will not turn the military route here into a peaceful commercial port.
Britain has expressed its approval for this, and it is willing to accept great control here if Madagascar is not militarily used.
However, it is hard for France to accept the loss of the Taiping colony. It is not a pity that there are criminals and priests there now, but Madagascar is relatively important. It is not only a large island, but also a population of more than one million.
In France’s view, Madagascar’s development potential is still in the local government and other French Indian colonies. After all, after French India was squeezed in Britain, there was no commercial interest for the French ship transit base, and after losing Vietnam and the Pacific colonies, there was no need for them to transit.
However, Madagascar and South Africa face each other across the sea, and France’s occupation here is a threat to Britain, which has just made a double plan to have a big presence in Africa. It is a big promise not to take Madagascar by military means, which is in line with Britain’s interests, and Britain is more acceptable to have a big presence here.
The big problem is Madagascar’s resolute refusal to give in, which shows France where it is determined to win, and the French fleet is blocked by a big blockade. It is not a matter of time to rebuild the navy. They have no ability to protect Madagascar.
Anyway, France has this base in East Africa. France’s main interests in Africa are in North Africa and Central Africa. After considering it, the French people think that Madagascar can’t be lost, but they need to get enough compensation. They demand to pay them 100 million francs, equivalent to 9.3 million taels.
It means that money can be given to France, but it requires France to release French African colonies, that is, to allow big businessmen to trade freely in French Congo, Tunisia, Segal and other colonies
The agreement reached by the powers at the Berlin conference on dividing Africa is to safeguard the free trade of African colonies, that is to say, German businessmen in French colonies can also do business freely, and Belgians can do business freely. In fact, it is no big deal for a big businessman to get 100 million francs. This is not money, but to give people an explanation, so that they can see that the government can protect national interests in adverse circumstances. It is important to show them that the government is willing to seek benefits in all countries.
But France also made other demands, that is, the big colonies must also be released to France
If it is a passport to Africa, it is willing to pay a high ticket. Of course, it is also to pay money to obtain a valuable colony like Madagascar. It is recognized by the colonial countries that France’s colonies in China are beneficial to make the colonies more closely linked with the world economy. It is the greatest demand for the colonies or the population pressure of the releasing countries to stabilize social order and economic interests. Secondly, it agreed to France’s request.
This university and France have reached an agreement on the attitude of the foundation, and the foundation has achieved the benefit sharing instead of playing the game. Both sides have given themselves new interests and kept some old interests.
On the other hand, Siam’s negotiations with France were not smooth. Siam was unable to expel the French army from Cambodia. Because they did not go to war early, the big army did not enter Cambodia at all, and did not speak in Cambodia.
This made Siam not only steal chickens and costly, but also provoked this powerful enemy, France.
If Siam had joined the war earlier, it would be happy to cooperate with Siam to drive France out of Indo-China Peninsula completely, but considering that France is in the south, it is equivalent to putting a knife on Vietnam’s neck, which can help the country to firmly hold the chain around Vietnam’s neck and acquiesce that France can station troops in Saigon.
The same is true for Siam. If France maintains its influence in Cambodia and can constantly pose a threat to Siam, besides relying on Britain, Siam can rely on France to push Siam further into the bosom to a certain extent.
On the other hand, Britain’s balance strategy has made Britain realize that it is a check and balance to keep French forces here.
He decided not to get involved in Cambodia.
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